Canada Essays - National Symbols Of Canada, British Empire

Canada Did you ever stop and wonder how much we take the place we live for granted? If you were to take the time, you would discover how diverse are Canada's history, geography, climate, economy, cultures and government. Did you know it is the largest country in the world now that U.S.S.R broke up. Specifically, Canada is 9,922,330 square km. Did you know that Canada used to be named "Kanata"? Yes, Kanata is an Indian word meaning village. It was not until July 1,1867 that Kanata was renamed Canada. Canada was originally discovered by Jacques Cartier an explorer from France who sailed down the St.Lawrence in 1534. Cartier we believe was the first to set foot on Canadian soil. He marked his presence with a flag claiming it his land. Over the years, Canada has developed into the home of the largest free-standing structure in the world. Canada,(a great tourist attraction)is also home of the largest water fall in the world. Ou r farmland unlike a lot of others has a variety of climate. The warmer summer climate ranges from +10 - +30 and the cooler climate ranges from anywhere to -10 - -30. Despite the changes in temperature, Canada's precipitation is very light. Our home is enclosed by the United States of America, south, the Pacific ocean and Alaska on the west side, the Atlantic ocean on the east side and the Arctic up north. One of the dominant reasons Canada is so well populated is due to the fact of our financial status. At this present time, the economy is not doing too well, but who's is? Canada is highly industrialised by manufacturing Automobiles, food, liquor and tobacco. We as a Unified country accept other cultures and religions. Canada has about every nationality possible and together they form a great home. Despite the many cultures, Canada's main languages are english and french. Canada is a democracy. This means the government is elected by all the people. It is responsible for managing the country, forcing laws, building roads and helping the country run smoothly. Canada has three main levels of government: Federal, Provincial and Municipal. The house of commons lies in Ottawa, Ontario. While the Queen is not present, her representative, the Governor General is in charge. He ranks higher than the Prime Minister. In conclusion, I hope I have raised your awareness of Canada's varied history, geography, economy, climate, cultures and government. This is great country that we live in. I am truly proud to be a Canadian. Extras Canada in it's history to date has had five flags. "The First, was a white flag with three gold fleurs-de-lys. This flag was used by Cartier in his voyage up the St. Lawrence and by Champlain in his explorations of eastern Canada. It was under this flag that the French lived unti l the fall of Quebec in 1759. The flag was used by the English from around 1700 was the Union Flag which contained two crosses-the cross of St. George and the cross of St. Andrew and St. Patrick was introduced. This flag is still used in Canada for special occasions. The Red Ensign was approved in 1945 for use by Canadians overseas and on certain occasions in Canada. The flag was used until 1965. The Royal Canadian flag was authorized by Royal Proclamation on February 15, 1965, following approval by Canadian House of Commons and Senate in December 1965. The Canadian flag is red. In its centre is a white square the width of the flag, with a single Red Maple Leaf in the centre. The flag must always be twice as long as it is wide so that it makes a square when folded in two. The colours white and red were given to Canada by King George V, on November 21, 1921, when he granted arms to Canada on the recommendation of the canadian government. The Maple Leaf has always been an emblem of Ca nada. There is no significance to the eleven points of the leaf. It is stylized or conventional in form, as is common when things found in nature are used as flags, banners or arms. Note- When hoisting the flag or descending, never let it touch

Dike Trail essays

Dike Trail essays The luminary sun is setting, painting a beautiful citrus rainbow across the clear, brisk night. Deep croaking increasingly doubles and triples in its frequency. The scene is so incredible you hold your crystal clear breath in absolute astonishment. Have you ever wondered why God created islands or bays? The view of this path is of the Olympic Mountains, The San Juans, salt water, Mt. Erie, as opposed to the farmland, irrigation, and housing. I think the views of the San Juans are flawless. The panoramic view on this trail is thoroughly remarkable! As you stride along you see that the trail is nearly five miles long roundtrip and full of intricate shoreline the entire way. There are majestic and complex designs left from the crawling water behind in the mud. You can see individual snail paths carved along in the mud, what a wonderful life they have. This trail is amazing; it has natural views of mountains, islands, and water along with man-made irrigation, housing and farming land. Tonight is a summer night, we were lucky, and we can caught the frogs all rehearsing for their next performance of croaks. The noises that we hear when we walk along the pathway are all impressive and relaxing. Some favored nights that Ive strode along the trail; I have caught the frogs together, singing in melody. They sound like one in a million, they are greater sounding then anything I could muster up! Water splashes lively up onto the shore, sighing, you look out onto the bay. The splash splash, splash happens at a slow, rhythmic beat; like a bass drum. The sound of the water spewing onto the shore is refreshing and cool on your tender face. What a wonderful sounds we hear when were walking along the path; a frog choir, a bass drum along with a cool breeze and occasional splash onto our faces. Next time were out on the Dike Trail, make sure you take a second to hear the awesome ...

Work-Life balance in Emirates Group Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Work-Life balance in Emirates Group - Essay Example This implies a point of equipoise or stability between two equally demanding things – in this case, work life and family life. People have a natural inclination to seek challenge and achievement as much as the desire to enjoy family relationships and the leisurely company of other people they have an affinity for. WLB is now considered as one of the most important qualities of the workplace, second only to the pay rate, because the physical and psychological stability of workers and employees directly impact on the performance of business firms. The usefulness of WLB in enhancing the operations of firms has been the topic of many academic researches, with varying outcomes. WLB has been known to impact positively on workers’ levels of job satisfaction and morale, reduce stress in both work and family life, enhanced organisational efficiency and effectiveness, and reduction in problems experienced in both areas (Kumar & Chakraborty, 2013). As beneficial as WLB sounds, the practice, while gaining legitimacy as a general principle, has received less than enthusiastic response at the execution level. WLB has not been effectively implemented in many organisations; the causes were determined in a survey conducted by Kumar & Chakraborty (2013), some of which are as follows: Negative or indifferent attitude on the part of top management Lack of faith of supervisors in the effectiveness of WLB benefits Uncertainty and reluctance among employees in adopting WLB in their work schedules Stringent work schedules Dictatorial behaviour of supervisors and top management, and their refusal to plan out flexible work schedules Unavailability and inaccessibility of WLB tools and techniques for workers to implement flexible work schedules. Unsupportive organisational culture for the implementation of WLB Bureaucratic procedures and delay in the formulation and execution of WLB policies and practices. Poor structural framework of the planned WLB programme Inconsistency in infrequency of interaction between management and workers in order to assimilate WLB as a transformative element in organisational life. The foregoing enumeration of impediments to what should be an effortless adoption of WLB is evident in many companies, and will likely continue to pose obstacles to its implementation. According to Smith (2010), however, each succeeding generation of workers tend to come to a greater understanding and acceptance of WLB, thus as they advance in the organization into the supervisory and managerial levels it is expected that the attitude of management towards WLB will also eventually change. So far, what has not appeared to be evident to management is the strategic usefulness of WLB as a competitive advantage, in terms of improved quality of work, improved job performance, ethical decision-making and long-term job satisfaction (Smith, 2010). Four areas for flexible work or leave arrangements Industrial Relations Victoria (IRV), a government sub-uni t under the Department of Innovation, Industry and Regional Development, is tasked with monitoring industrial relations in the State’s public and private sectors, and with supporting innovations to address the increasingly competitive business environments without engendering additional industrial (IRV, 2013). According to the IRV, a compilation of the research of several government agencies have identified 27 model family friendly clauses that were directly included in various collective agreements. The 27 clauses (which represented the best practices in the industry) may be classified into four based on their nature and subject. They are as follows Services – This refers to the provision of service options by the employer organisation for the

Congress Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Congress - Essay Example That Congress was able to preserve the stability and cultural consolidation of the American state and to improve the rights of the minors can be fairly regarded as its basic achievements; however, there is still much room for improving the quality and effectiveness of its decisions, especially in its attitudes to constituents and the development of military strategies against foreign countries. Throughout its history, U.S. Congress sought to preserve the overall stability of the American state and to protect the rights of minors. That in 1865 Congress created the Freedmen’s Bureau to protect the right s of the newly emancipated black people in America became the starting point in Congress’s movement to equity and fairness in the relationships between races. However, these are the crises that usually test the productivity and efficiency of the legislative work in Congress: the recent economic crisis proved Congress to be a powerful force in the country’s striving to preserve its stability. The stimulus package, tax cuts, the financial support of the banking sector and legislative changes to the structure of the federal budget reflect Congress’s awareness of the situation and its desire to secure the population from the major financial risks. Unfortunately, it is necessary to state that the rights of African Americans, the rights of women, and the relations with constituents remain the basic ills of the postmodern America. It is not possible to trace serious changes in the position of fair sex representatives and racial minorities. Black people and women continue suffering the effects of inequity and unfairness in employment, medical insurance, and self-realization. Discrimination based on race and gender remains the issue of the major concern, and Congress will need to take additional legislative steps to ensure that the American state finally achieves the point, where discrimination will become irrelevant and unnecessary.

Understand How to Establish an Effective Team Assignment

Understand How to Establish an Effective Team - Assignment Example Understand How to Establish an Effective Team In a report written by A.W.C. Training entitled â€Å"Effective Working Relationships†, emphasize was placed on enhancing awareness regarding the importance of maintaining happy relationships within the organizational setting for the reason that smooth and effective working relationships were noted to be instrumental in tasks and responsibilities being undertaken more efficiently; and thus, enabling the delivery of high quality of customer service. Within a team, the development of effective working relationship presupposes the application of effective communication as a framework of success. According to Harbour (2013), â€Å"good communication makes it easier to address individual problems or concerns between employees and supervisors when they arise† (par. 8). Communication also enables the dissemination of crucial information, including policies, procedures, and the organization’s code of discipline, to provide guidelines to the employees, various members of a team, and other stakeholders, in manifesting the expected behavior. For example, in a newly formed team tasked to present suggestions and recommendations to increase sales of the products, an effectively developed and maintained team who follows the abovementioned guidelines are expected to be more cohesive and to delegate tasks, share crucial information, and equitably divide the responsibilities needed in coming up with a presentation that would satisfy organizational goals. Benefits of Effective Working Relationships in Developing and Maintaining the Team The benefits of effective working relationships in developing and maintaining the team are therefore realized in terms of showing cohesiveness, increasing performance and productivity, reporting lesser conflicts or miscommunication, and satisfying the needs and demands of the customers. As asserted, â€Å"good workplace relationships and a positive work environment is critical for a successful business, as unhappy staff have a negative impact on productivity and customer service† (Harbour, 2013, par. 7). Behaviours which Could Develop and Maintain Trust at Work The behaviours which could develop and maintain trust at work include the following: (1) maintaining sincerity; (2) being reliable; (3) being accountable; (4) listening attentively and actively; (5) not blaming others; and (6) being transparent in all undertakings with honesty and integrity (Piccinini, 2013). For instance, in the organizational setting, trust could be developed and maintained when members of a team have openly established the need to be open to each other and communicate truthful information to the most effective manner. When a member of the team makes a mistake, other members must assume a stance of understanding and refrain from blaming the errant member. All members must therefore

Processes of Polyadenylation

Processes of Polyadenylation DNA once transcribed into mRNA it is transported to the cytoplasm. All mRNA’s including specific unspliced mRNA precursors contain the poly A tail with histon mRNA as an exception. But once they are transported to the cytoplasm there exist a poly (A) tail shift that is brought about by the degradation by RNases and rebuilding by cytoplasmic poly (A) polymerase. Discovery: James Darnell and his coworkers carried out various experiments to study and understand the process of polyadenylation. To begin with, they concentrated on the isolation of the poly (A) tail from the newly synthesized mRNA of the HeLa cell line using two subtypes of the enzyme RNase. The enzymes were; 1. RNase A which function as nucleases that cut after the pyrimidine nucleotides C and G and 2. RNase T1 which cuts after G nucleotides. Both these enzymes together helped in selection of pure runs of A’s. They then carried out centrifugation to separate the nucleus and cytoplasm to separate them according to their sizes and exposed them to the scintillation counter. The results obtained showed that both peaks of the nucleus and cytoplasm electrophoresed even slower than the 4S-tRNA and 5S-rRNA markers used (size markers). It also confirms the little difference in size that exist between the nuclear and cytoplasmic mRNA poly (A)’s. Position confirmation: To confirm the 3-prime position of the poly (A) tail they subjected mRNA to an enzyme RNase. On complete digestion it yielded one molecule of adenosine and about 200 molecules of AMP. This result also aided in concluding the size of the poly (A) tail to be about 200 nucleotides long but recent advances and studies have confirmed the size of the poly (A) tail to be about 250nt long. Activity of poly (A) polymerase: Furthermore it had to confirmed that the poly A tail hadn’t come from DNA transcription as the DNA doesn’t contain long runs of T’s. Therefore being a post transcription modification it stresses on the activity of the poly (A) polymerase that adds AMP residues one at a time to the mRNA synthesized during the transcription process. This can be confirmed with the use of actinomycin D that inhibits DNA-directed transcription but doesn’t inhibit polyadenylation. Role of the poly (A) tail: 1. Protects mRNA from degradation – Michel Revel and his colleagues studied the same by injecting globin mRNA with and without poly A tail into Xenopus oocyes and measured the rate of its synthesis at various intervals. They found a little difference at first but after 6 hours only the mRNA without the poly (A) tail couldn’t support translation. The simplest explanation they gave regarding the same was that the mRNA with the poly (A) tail had a longer shelf life therefore its protective in nature. 2. Stimulates translation of the attached mRNA- Poly (A)-binding protein (PAB 1) in eukaryotes boost the efficiency of the mRNA translation. This is confirmed by the invitro experiment that contained a capped and poladenylated mRNA excess poly (A) tails. When comparing with the control that lacked the excess poly (A) tails lower rates of translation was observed. This suggested that the free poly (A) tails competed with the poly (A) tails on the mRNA. Another control confirmed that in the absence of the mRNA the transciption rates were very low as it can’t bind to PAB1 efficiently. David Munroe and Allan Jacobson studied the effect of both capping and polyadenylation on the transcription of two synthetic mRNA’s(rabbit ÃŽ ² globin gene-RBG and vesicular stomatitis virus N gene –VSN.N under the influence of phage SP6 promoter) in rabbits reticulocytes. a) Polysome profi les. Munroe and Jacobson mixed  32P-labeled poly(A)1 (blue) and 3H-labeled poly(A)2 (red) mRNA with a  rabbit reticulocyte extract, then separated polysomes from monosomes by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation. The arrow  denotes the monosome peak; fractions to the left of this peak are  polysomes, and one can see the disome, trisome, and even higher  polysome peaks. The poly(A)1 mRNA is clearly better at associating  mRNA stability and translatability. The Basic Mechanism: Polyadenylation is assumed to occur either at the 3à ¡Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½-end of the primary transcript synthesized or at the polyadenylation site upsteam to the last coding site of the transcript. But polyadenylation begins even before the transcripts is synthesized as it involves a pre-transcriptional step of clipping of mRNA and then adding poly(A) tail to the newly exposed 3à ¡Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½-end. Thus the RNA polymerase can still be functioning as somewhere upstream the polyadenylation apparatus has already located a signal which can cut the mRNA upstream and polyadenylate it. Nevins and Darnell eliminated the first hypothesis by creating hybrids of radioactive RNA made in cells late in infection to DNA fragments of the major late region. If transcription halted at the first few genes after the first polyadenylation sites then much more transcripts would bind to the 5à ¡Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½-end rather than the 3à ¡Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½-end of the major late region. But it was seen that the RNA hybridized equally to both the ends confirming that once the transcription of the late gene has begun it runs all the way as there is only one transcription terminator at the end of the gene. Thus this region can be called as a transcription unit due to its ability to be transcribed as a whole though it contains multiple genes. They also went on to confirm the clipping of the mRNA pre translation. Erhard Hofer and James Darnell isolated labeled globin encoding RNA that was induced by dimethyl sulphoxide-DMSO and hybridized it to the ÃŽ ²-globin gene and regions downstream to the gene. They observed hybridization to fragments within the ÃŽ ²-globin gene and upto 500 bp downstream to the polyadenylation site. Thus confirming that transcription terminated about 500 bp beyond the polyadenylation site in both cellular and viral transcripts. Hofer and Darnell isolated nuclei from DMSO-stimulated Friend  erythroleukemia cells and incubated them with [32P]UTP to label  run-on RNA—mostly globin pre-mRNA. Then they hybridized this  labeled RNA to DNA fragments A–F, whose locations and sizes are  given in the diagram at top. The molarities of RNA hybridization to  each fragment are given beneath each, with their standard deviations  (s.d.). In the physical map at top, the exons are in red and the introns  are in yellow. Polyadenylation signals: The polyadenylation signals depends on the kind of cell that is being transcribed. The signaling process of plants and animals also differ. At the DNA level in mammalian cells the 20 bp- ‘AATAAA’ sequence was discovered as the polyadenylation sequence by various molecular biologist in 1981. And at the RNA level, in mammalian and plants cells the ‘AAUAAA’ sequence about 20-nt upstream of their poly (A) is considered as the polyadenylation sequence. Another common variant ‘AUUAAA’ is also 80% efficient as ‘AAUAAA’. The other variants are less efficient and less common. Molly Fitzgerald and Thomas Shenk studied the importance of the RNA polyadenylation site. They created a recombinant SV40 virus with duplicate polyadenylation sequence 240 bp apart and carried out an S1 assay. They then carried out an S1 assay of the 3à ¡Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½-end which showed two signals 240 bp apart confirming the activity of both the sites. They then deleted one of the two polyadenylation sites one at a time and carried out the S1 assay again. The inserted polyadenylation site beyond the pre-mRNA couldn’t function if the site within the pre-mRNA was absent. Several other scientist studied this phenomenon and discovered another sequence present immediately downstream to the polyadenylation recognition site that affects polyadenylation. But the difficulty in further discovery of details regarding the same was difficult as this wasn’t a conserved sequence among invertebrates. This region was usually found to be a GU- or U- rich region 20 bp downstream to the polyadenylation recognition site. Anna Gil and Nicholas Proudfoot studied this hypothesis in detail and observed the following results: Added an extra copy of the whole polyadenylation signal upstream and carried out an S1 assay. This cloned DNA showed 90% efficiency. Deleted the 35-bp fragment containing the GU- and U- rich region. Polyadenylation process was hampered which explains its importance. Reconstructed clones containing either a GU- rich or a U- rich region. These clones showed however only 30% efficiency. Clones GU- and U- rich regions by an excess of 5-bp sequence between them. These clones showed only 30% efficiency confiming the importance of the spacing between them. Based on all these manipulations they concluded that for an efficient polyadenylation signal; (a)A polyadenylation recognition motif ‘AAUAAA’ followed by (b)A 23-25-bp GU-rich motif downstream immediately followed by (c) A U- rich motif. POLY (A) POLYMERASE: The poly (A) polymerase (PAP) was discovered by James Manley in 1991. He cloned their genome and discovered two different cDNA’s that had variable 3à ¡Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ends due to two alternative splicing methods giving rise to two different PAP’s (PAP-à Ã¢â‚¬  , PAP-à Ã‚  [the most important], four additional PAP). They differ in the amino acids sequences present at their carboxy termini but the PAB-à Ã‚  consists of consensus sequences that overlap with the known functional sequences of proteins. The genome consists of :1. RNA-binding domain (RBD), 2. Polymerase module (PM), 3. Two nuclear localization signals (NLS-1 and NLS-2), 4. Serine/Threonine-rich regions S/T. Polyadenylation at the amino terminal. The mRNA is polyadenylated before leaving the cytoplasm as well as after entering the cytoplasm. However these two adenylations could be distinguished by Sheiness and Darnell due to their slight difference in size. They confirmed the same by carrying out various assays against the isolated mRNA that was grown in labeled RNA for 48 hours. The nuclear RNA, cytoplasmic RNA, and 5sRNA marker showed peaks as seen in the figure alongside. The major peaks thus obtained are 210 ±20nt and 190 ±20nt for the nuclear and cytoplasmic poly (A) tail respectively. About 50nt RNA’s are present in this broad peak. Maurice Sussman, in 1970 gave the ‘ticketing’ hypothesis which encompasses the theory of each RNA having a ticket to gain entry to the ribosome and further ticket punching everytime it got translated. Thus after a particular limit, it can’t longer undergo protein synthesis which another reason for the shortening of the poly (A) tail. Thus the 3à ¡Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½-end shortening of the poly(A) tail clearly depends on the some other factor other than translation or the ticket like some post-transcriptional modification. It has been observed that the poly(A) tail has not only been shortened in the cytoplasm but it also turns over. This inverted poly(A) tail is susceptible to RNase degradation and elongation by the cytoplasmic poly(A) polymerase simultaneously. This continues till the mRNA looses all or almost all of the nuclear poly(A) tail. This happens when its almost time for the demise of the mRNA. Cytoplasmic polyadenylation This process is best studied in Xenopus oocytes. Administration of progesterone to their oocytes cause stimulation of the deadenylation of maternal mRNA’or maternal message. Polyadenylation the actual process: The process involves the recognition of that conserved polyadenylation motif, RNA cleavage and polyadenylation. Pre mRNA cleavage: The proteins responsible for this cleavage are: Shrenk and his colleagues carried out various experiments confirming the importance of these cleavage factors. Cleavage polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF)- Its one of the most important factors. Its subunit CPSF-73is related to ELAC that cleaves pre-tRNA’s to generate their 3à ¡Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½-end. They are known as ÃŽ ²-lactamase superfamily of Zn (as they contain 2 Zn ions at their active site necessary for RNase activity) dependent hydrolases. Cleavage stimulating factor (CSF) – Its one of the most important ones. It bindings to the GU- rich region, together and stably. Cleavage factors (CF à Ã¢â‚¬   and CF à Ã‚ )- The poly (A) polymerase- This immediate coupling is so strong that no cleaved unpolyadenylated RNA’s can be found. The RNA polymerase à Ã‚ (containing the carboxy terminal domain-CTD and its phosphorylation status). Yukata Hirose and James Manley expressed CTD as a fusion protein with glutathionine-s transferase. They then purified the protein by glutathionine affinity chromatography and the phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated forms were exposed to the cleavage assay with adenovirus L3 pre-mRNA. The results obtained confirmed that (a) the activity of CTD is independent of transcription and (b) After incubating the phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated forms of the enzyme along with all the other cleavage factors showed that the phosphorylated forms five times batter cleavage. This can be explained as the phosphorylated form of CTD is present in the polymerase à Ã‚  that carries out transcription. Polyadenylation initiation: Once the pre-mRNA is cleaved using the factors described above its polyadenylation process takes place in two phases. The first initiations phase consists of the slow addition of the first 10 A’s. This phase depends on the ‘AAUAAA’ signal. The second phase is independent of the initial ‘AAUAAA’ signal but it depends on the existing 10 A’s added to the pre-mRNA. This phase involves rapid addition of about 200 or more A’s along the length, thus called elongation. The initiation signal that carries out polyadenylation is none other than the cleavage signal which attracts the cleavage enzyme that specifically recognizes the AAUAAA motif and cuts the RNA 20 nucleotide downstream. This thaught was discarded because as the cleavage enzyme prior to polyadenylation has already cut the downstream GU-rich and U-rich sequence. Thus it’s this 8 nucleotide GU/U-rich sequence post the AAUAAA motif that brings about this adenylation. Marvin Wickens and his colleagues used two parameters (a) a poly (A) polymerase and (b) a specificity factor CPSF that binds to the pre mRNA. Both these factors work well when substrates are in high concentration but the assay carried out was using low substrate concentrations. The figure alongside explains their experiments, Lane 1- shows no polyadenylation by poly (A) polymerase by itself in low concentrations of substrates, Lane 2- shows no polyadenylation as the CPSF alone can’t detect the AAUAAA motif, Lane 3- shows polyadenylation with both factors together and Lane 4- shows that both factors can’t polyadenylate a substrate with an aberrant signal like AAUAAA. But however this dependency is temporary i.e. after the addition of the first 10 nucleotides it enters the elongation phase that’s independent of these two factors. ELONGATION OF POLY (A) TAIL: While studying the fact that the initiation is independent of the CPSF factor, another interesting fact came to be known that a purified poly (A) polymerase could carry out elongation very poorly on its own. Whale further explored this by designing experiments which consisted of purification of the poly (A) polymerase and its polyadenylation capability comparison in various conditions. Purification of the poly (A) polymerase using PAGE gave two fractions – a major 49-kD polypeptide (PAB-à Ã¢â‚¬  ) as well as a minor 70kD polypeptide (PAB-à Ã‚ ). This latter band however was found to have a variable nature and was even absent in some preparations. Whale’s experiments further showed high activity of this 49-kD polypeptide coinciding with high activity of the poly (A) polymerase using a nitrocellulose filter binding assay. He also tested this fraction’s capability of polyadenylation in the presence of the CPSF and poly (A) polymerase and found the same results. He therefore named this fraction as poly (A) binding proteinà Ã‚  (PAB- à Ã‚ ). Thus he confirmed that PAB-à Ã‚  acts like CPSF but binds to poly (A) polymerase instead of the AAUAAA motif on the RNA. Its activity is high only in the elongation phase but is found absent in the initiation phase. He carried out another experiment to find the interdependence of these two factors with their interdependence on the polyadenylation process using the poly (A) polymerase. When either CPSF or PAB-à Ã‚  was added to a solution that contained mRNA and poly (A) polymerase, the polyadenylation process was found to be active. But it showed higher polyadenylation capabilities in presence of both the factors. Thus this whole process can be summarized by the proposed figure below:-

My Second Home Essay -- Descriptive Writing Examples, Observation

My Second Home The wind blowing in my hair, the water softly mists my face. There is a persistent humming in my ear from the motor. I turn and gaze over the railing, there are islands scattered in the distance including one, my final destination, the largest island in sight. The mysterious water curls against the edge of the boat, foamy and disturbed by the passing boat. My fingers drum consistently on the railing, repeating a rhythmic beat. I find myself pacing the deck, back and forth, always returning to the same location, facing the island. As the ferry boat approaches the dock, I become overwhelmed with the anticipation of the fun that, I know, is awaiting me on this island. Kelly's Island is a place that brings back fond memories from my childhood. This is a place where I have spent many summer vacations and family reunions. I think back on my simple, quiet, and lonely life. I am always the center of attention but lacking someone of my own age to interact with, to share my deepest secrets with. Although some people might say I'm crazy, I would have liked to have siblings. Kelly's Island gave me a chance to be around my family. Having cousins my own age to play with and even pick on me, gave me a warm fuzzy feeling deep inside. This island presents its own kind of magical aura, located in the middle of Lake Erie just off the shore of Northern Ohio, and perhaps this is why I was so mystified by this special place. This small island has many beaches. On one side of the island, the beaches are made of stone, on the other, they are sandy white beaches resembling an ocean shore, glistening in the sunlight. The hot muggy weather makes your skin moist, and the only relief to be found is the occasional breeze off the lake... ...to reality. The heavy air fills my lungs making them tight with every breath. My eyes are heavy from the exhausting vacation, fulfilled with continuous action. The horn from the approaching ferry rings throughout my eardrums even after the noise is over. The coldness from the metal seat penetrates into the warmth of my blood, as the gentle breeze tousles my hair. I gaze over the railing and have time to reflect on my time spent in my most favorite place. The chaos from my cousins has drained my energy and I realize that my time spent alone is not all that bad. Its is my valued time spent getting to know my self and grow as a person. Kelly's Island is a place to visit, play, and interact with family. Its is also a place to leave and only return to every once and a while. I am on my way home and become overwhelmed with the anticipation of what is awaiting me there. My Second Home Essay -- Descriptive Writing Examples, Observation My Second Home The wind blowing in my hair, the water softly mists my face. There is a persistent humming in my ear from the motor. I turn and gaze over the railing, there are islands scattered in the distance including one, my final destination, the largest island in sight. The mysterious water curls against the edge of the boat, foamy and disturbed by the passing boat. My fingers drum consistently on the railing, repeating a rhythmic beat. I find myself pacing the deck, back and forth, always returning to the same location, facing the island. As the ferry boat approaches the dock, I become overwhelmed with the anticipation of the fun that, I know, is awaiting me on this island. Kelly's Island is a place that brings back fond memories from my childhood. This is a place where I have spent many summer vacations and family reunions. I think back on my simple, quiet, and lonely life. I am always the center of attention but lacking someone of my own age to interact with, to share my deepest secrets with. Although some people might say I'm crazy, I would have liked to have siblings. Kelly's Island gave me a chance to be around my family. Having cousins my own age to play with and even pick on me, gave me a warm fuzzy feeling deep inside. This island presents its own kind of magical aura, located in the middle of Lake Erie just off the shore of Northern Ohio, and perhaps this is why I was so mystified by this special place. This small island has many beaches. On one side of the island, the beaches are made of stone, on the other, they are sandy white beaches resembling an ocean shore, glistening in the sunlight. The hot muggy weather makes your skin moist, and the only relief to be found is the occasional breeze off the lake... ...to reality. The heavy air fills my lungs making them tight with every breath. My eyes are heavy from the exhausting vacation, fulfilled with continuous action. The horn from the approaching ferry rings throughout my eardrums even after the noise is over. The coldness from the metal seat penetrates into the warmth of my blood, as the gentle breeze tousles my hair. I gaze over the railing and have time to reflect on my time spent in my most favorite place. The chaos from my cousins has drained my energy and I realize that my time spent alone is not all that bad. Its is my valued time spent getting to know my self and grow as a person. Kelly's Island is a place to visit, play, and interact with family. Its is also a place to leave and only return to every once and a while. I am on my way home and become overwhelmed with the anticipation of what is awaiting me there.

Meeting the patient’s spiritual needs

Rebecca Brown is a 35 year old mother with a gynecological cancer and currently undergoing treatment for a year now. However, her medical condition is not improving and causing alarm to her physicians and family. She is now at the end-of-life care by nurses and doctors in a hospital. In addressing her special needs, the hospital placed Rebecca under Hospice Care. Hospice care treats the person rather than the disease; it highlights quality rather than length of life. It provides family-centered care involving the patient and family in making decisions. (ACS, 2007,  ¶2). It is a philosophy that enables patients to spend their remaining days with dignity surrounded by their loved ones. Hospice treatment creates an environment where the patient is listened to and that the people around him are ready to share his concerns. One of the elements of this innovative medication is spiritual care. Evidence shows that patient facing serious illness would shift attention from biomedical to spiritual sources for answer and comfort. At this stage, they would ask spiritual questions and reflect the meaning of life. Dying patients generally voiced out their fear of uncontrolled pain, concern of being a financial burden to the family, anxiety of what happens after death, and worry of not being able to fix some unfinished business. Realizing all these necessities, hospitals are now integrating spiritual care services for early intervention. Spiritual Care Spiritual Care tries to answer a patient’s quest for the meaning and purpose of life, his feelings of isolation, and his interconnectedness with himself, to others and to God. It fulfills specific needs of the patient to give him strength when facing death and uncertainties. In meeting the spiritual needs of Mrs. Brown, we have shown her compassion by being attentive to her fears, hopes, pain, and dreams. We treated her as a whole person including her physical, emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions. Providing spiritual care can help Mrs. Brown cope up with her inabilities and feel close to God giving her optimism. With this support, Mrs. Brown can make sense out of her illness, acknowledge that death is near, and maintain a positive outlook. More often we grant her wish for a priest who is readily available to help in counseling and answering spiritual questions. We maintain our trustworthiness and kindness with Mrs. Brown at the same time give her inspirations by helping her understand what it means to live. We have enriched our knowledge with the Catholic faith to comprehend her spiritual needs. As a result, we have permitted Mrs. Brown to visit the chapel inside the hospital whenever she wants to, let her friends and loved ones pray with her inside her room, and attend Sunday masses where she can receive communion. In addition, she reads the Bible before sleeping at night; write her spiritual journal, and at times request for religious movies. We continue to care for her even though there is no more curative therapy available. Spiritual Assessment Spiritual assessment is essential so that medical staff may understand the religious practices of patients and be able to respect their beliefs and not impose their own religion. In this way, physicians can formulate proper strategies to enhance positive response from the patients during diagnosis and treatment. In assessing Mrs. Brown, we simply asked her a series of open-ended questions relating to her Catholic faith and the practices or rituals that are important to her. Our informal interview would revolve around the topics like death and the afterlife, her prayer life (what does she pray for), does her faith give her hope, does she feel abandoned by God, does she find comfort in her belief amidst her illness, the need to be forgiven, was she a member of religious organization within the community, what gives meaning and purpose to her life, and her personal beliefs. The information we gathered helped us determine the kind of spiritual care service we would give her. Results and Benefits. In its 1996 meeting, 90% of the American Academy of Family Physicians declared that the spiritual beliefs of patients are helpful in their medical treatment. Several studies and surveys have already shown the many benefits of spirituality in healing. The National Institute for Healthcare Research reported that those who regularly attend religious activities live longer. According to the 1998 Research in Spirituality and Health Coping, prayer is the number one non-drug method in managing pain. These findings can now be seen in Mrs. Brown’s case. After giving her spiritual care, Mrs. Brown showed signs of reduced anxiety, depression, and distress. She does not feel lonely anymore as she is constantly surrounded by her family and caring nurses. She adjusted well to follow-up treatment of her cancer and has now the confidence of enjoying life. In addition, she somehow improved her physical condition exhibiting high levels of self-respect and less worries about her health. She also demonstrated stronger coping mechanisms and personal values giving her quality of life that she now enjoys. After going through all sorts of counseling, Mrs. Brown is now capable of forgiving and be forgiven. This feeling, she said, resolved all her guilt and restored her good relationships with those she had disagreements in the past. Because of her faith, Mrs. Brown is now ready to face her final day and is very much prepared to the uncertainties she may encounter. She has already accepted her fate wherever it may lead her to. Her seven children and loving husband are likewise prepared for the event that they may not see her again. Her love grew stronger each passing day and felt the presence of God in her bedside. Despite in the worst situation, she feels good about herself. Reference (ACS) American Cancer Society, Inc. (2007). What Is Hospice Care? Making Treatment Decisions. Retrieved January 28, 2007, from http://www.cancer.org/docroot/ETO/content/ETO_2_5X_What_Is_Hospice_Care.asp?sitearea=ETO Gilbert, R. B. (2001). Health Care & Spirituality: Listening, Assessing, Caring (Death, Value and Meaning). Baywood Publishing Company, New York. ISBN-10: 0895032503 University of Virginia. (2006). The Benefits of Spiritual Care Provided by Professional Chaplains. Health System. Chaplaincy Services and Pastoral Education. Retrieved January 28, 2007, from http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/internet/chaplaincy/whitepapersection4.pdf            

Angel in the House Virgina Woolf Essays

Angel in the House Virgina Woolf Essays Angel in the House Virgina Woolf Paper Angel in the House Virgina Woolf Paper Virginia Woolf was an English writer. She was a womens rightist. publishing house. litterateur and critic. Woolf normally acquired female writers Jane Austen and Charlotte Bronte. Woolf analyses adult females and their battles as creative persons. their place in literary history and demand for independency in her plants of literature. Woolf’s short narrative Angel in the House has a deeper significance so merely a female writer sharing arrows and narratives on how she succeeded in her calling to another adult female seeking to go a successful professional. These personal brushs and struggles the writer in the narrative discusses with the other adult females truly expose how different women’s occupations were compared to men’s and acknowledge that different attacks needed to be made by a adult female in order to make good in her business. Womans were non to be perceived more superior so work forces. The talker of the narrative is clearly Virginia in Angel in the House. The fact that the adult female in the narrative is a female writer and continuously compares how being a professional adult female is much harder than people consider it to be makes it obvious to the reader that Virginia is the talker. She begins by sardonically discusses how easy being a author is and that she is diffident why person recommended her to give advice on being successful because her occupation is so easy. The writer says to demo how small I deserve to be a professional adult females how small I know of the battles and troubles of such lives. I have to acknowledge alternatively of disbursement that sum upon staff of life. butter. places. stockings or meatman measures I went out and bought a cat ( Woolf 109 ) . She starts off talking about her profession in this mode because that was how work forces felt about being a professional writer or critic or litterateur. They believed that occupation was stress free. If this was an writer who was a adult male though he would of neer spoke down about his occupation like that. but it was purely because it was a adult females making it that they felt this manner about the work. After speaking down approximately being a professional author. the writer starts to state the other adult females about interior battles she has had to cover with in her profession. Inner struggles that work forces were non cognizant of. She speaks about a apparition that she named the Angel in the house. This apparition angel is referred to by the writer as a she ; she was pure. capturing. sympathetic and selfless. This angel in the house made the writer experience guilty for holding her ain sentiment and personality. This apparition wanted every adult female to hold the same ethical motives and features as her. She was what a adult female was supposed to move and believe like particularly in a society that work forces ruled. The storyteller states she had to kill the angel in the house in order to go successful in her profession. This angel wanted to tweak the bosom out of the writers composing. fundamentally desiring it to be mean and appropriate incase a adult male were to read it. Womans who obeyed the angel and acted as she did were non populating up to their fullest potency. leting the work forces to outshine them. A adult female does non detect herself until she kills that apparition. forgets what work forces expect and follow her ain intuition no affair what.

Intelligence Reforms in the USA

Intelligence Reforms in the USA The term â€Å"intelligence† in the context of national security refers to analyzed and refined information that is useful in the decision-making process of policymakers. The US government has developed several strategies aimed at bringing reform to intelligence in the verge of improving national security.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Intelligence Reforms in the USA specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Such reforms include the creation of the DNI (Directors of National Intelligence) and the ODNI (Office of the Directors of National Intelligence).1 However, these reforms face several challenges as discussed hereinafter. The intelligence reforms face a huge challenge in terms of reception. First, the introduction of the ODNI, according to intelligence officials, makes the already unwieldy intelligence community more complicated.2 While the ODNI is at the top tier of the intelligence community, the Pentagon and th e CIA are still at the helm of the operations, and they still plan budgets for the intelligence infrastructure. Therefore, the Directors of National Intelligence have little actual control over the intelligence community. The reduced capacity of the DNI to give adequate directions turns enforcing the change into a challenge since the position of a DNI member requires power sharing skills and close coordination. The introduction of a new post and a new office in the intelligence community creates an additional budget entity. Therefore, the efficiency of the intelligence community reduces since the national budgetary allocation for intelligence remains constant. Moreover, the new office increases the number of bureaucratic layers in the intelligence community; thus, the implementation of action plans takes longer, yet the quality of operations and data analysis remains the same.3 The ODNI also faces numerous challenges in integrating the different agencies of the national intelligence community.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The issues related to intelligence reforms will have adverse effects on the operations of the intelligence in the 21st century. For instance, the US government purposes to build satellites for the needs of the intelligence service; these satellites will act as assets for collection of imagery for improved tactical operations.4 However, building such a satellite costs approximately $800,000,000, and the creation of the launch vehicle requires additional $300,000,000. This might not be possible because of the creation of the new office, the ODNI. As it was stated earlier, the ODNI creation, which is the most significant part of the intelligence reform, has trouble in integrating the diverse intelligence agencies. The coordination of the intelligence collection process becomes a challenge since every agency continues to operate in th e same way.5 Regardless of the aforementioned challenges, policymakers are moving in the right direction as they work tirelessly to improve sharing of information and promote strategic unity in the intelligence community. The policymakers have succeeded in breaking the technological and cultural barriers in the intelligence community. For instance, the coordination between domestic and foreign US intelligence has led to the disruption of threats to the US Homeland by confirming the existence and purpose of the uranium enrichment facility in Qum, Iran.6 Moreover, under the supervision and coordination of the ODNI, relevant intelligence agencies provided the public with information about the H1N1 virus and, thus, reduced its ramification.7 With the help of the new Rapid Technology Transition Initiative, the ODNI was capable of funding several security enhancing initiatives. Among the funded technologies, there was the biometric identification system that facilitated the capture of mor e than 50 intelligence targets in different parts of the world. 8 The intelligence community, under the ODNI, has experienced improved interoperability and access through the introduction of new information-sharing platforms like encrypted emails.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Intelligence Reforms in the USA specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Bibliography Best, Richard. Intelligence Issues for Congress. Washington, DC: Congress Research Service. 2009. Dupont, Allan. Intelligence for the Twenty-First Century. New York, NY: Frank Cass. 2012. Maguire, Mike, and Timothy John. Intelligence, surveillance and informants: Integrated approaches. London, UK: Home Office Police Research Group. 1995. Neary, Patrick. â€Å"The Post 9/11 Intelligence Community. Intelligence Reform, 2001-2009: Requiescat in Pace?† Studies in Intelligence 54, no. 1 (March 2010): 1–16. Posner, Richard A. Preventing Surprise Attacks: In telligence Reform in the Wake of 9/11. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution. 2005. Prados, John. Pentagon Power Play: Turf Wars and Bad Analysis are just two likely Products of the Disastrous New Intelligence Reform. Chicago, IL: Educational Foundation for Nuclear Science, Inc. 2010. Warner, Michael and Kenneth McDonald. US Intelligence Community Reform Studies Since 1947. Washington, DC: CSI. 2005.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Footnotes 1. Richard Best, Intelligence Issues for Congress (Washington, DC: Congress Research Service, 2009), 19. 2. Allan Dupont, Intelligence for the Twenty-First Century (Washington, DC: Frank Cass, 2012), 17. 3. Mike Maguire and Timothy John, Intelligence, surveillance and informants: Integrated approaches, (London, UK: Home Office Police Research Group, 1995), 6. 4. Patrick Neary, â€Å"The Post 9/11 Intelligence Community. Intelligence Reform, 2001-2009: Requiescat in Pace?,† Studies in Intelligence 54, no. 1 (March 2010): 4. 5. Richard A. Posner, Preventing Surprise Attacks: Intelligence Reform in the Wake of 9/11 (Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution, 2005), 196. 6. Richard A. Posner, Preventing Surprise Attacks: Intelligence Reform in the Wake of 9/11 (Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution, 2005), 27. 7. John Prados, Pentagon Power Play: Turf Wars and Bad Analysis are just two likely Products of the Disastrous New Intelligence Reform, (Chicago, IL: Educational Foundation for Nuclear Science, Inc., 2010), 11. 8. Michael Warner and Kenneth McDonald, US Intelligence Community Reform Studies Since 1947, (Washington, DC: CSI, 2005), 33.

The Impact of Social Media on the Political Life in the Arab Countries Essay

The Impact of Social Media on the Political Life in the Arab Countries (proposal) - Essay Example The first section of this paper introduces the subject and provides aims and objectives of the research work. In the literature review section, models, theories and contemporary practices in Arabian nations are discussed. In methodology section, the research method which is to be followed is discussed. Finally a tentative timeframe is calculated and a conclusion is provided. Introduction Communication via mobile and through web has been on an increase in twenty-first century. High end technologies are responsible behind this growing trend. Events of Arab Spring used web based social media- the blogs, different networking sites which enabled social interaction, and content communities. Though the governments of Arabian nations have tried to restrict use of internet, and even arrested prominent internet users, but had failed significantly in many cases. Social mediums like Facebook, Twitter, YouTube were used to organize protests. Slogans of protests were set up in pages and groups wit hin these social networking sites. This helped in spreading of democratic ideas not only within Egypt where the Arab Spring assumed its voluptuous shape but also across international borders. Furthermore, social media heavily influenced political debate and formed divided opinions among urban educated youths of Arabian nations. ... The aims and objectives of this research works are stated and are followed by literature review, a detailed study of impact of social media on politics of Arabian nations. In next section, methodology which will be adopted in due course of research is described. After that comes possible interpretation and analysis of data to be collected. In the final section, a conclusion will be provided along with recommendations. Research Aim This research paper aims at tracing the role played by social media upon political upheaval in the Arabian countries and the controlling mechanisms behind them. Research Objectives a) To recognize the growing powers of social media in Arabian nations b) To identify the major powers in political scenario of Arabian countries c) To trace the impact of social media on governments, political parties and common people of Arabian nations d) To examine the pros and cons of influence exerted by social media on political of Arabian nations e) To presume the future o f social media with respect to political conditions on Arabian nations Rationale of the Research This research paper focuses on the role played by social media in Arabian nations. Owing to the facilities of social media like free flow of information, cross- border interconnectivity, etc. politics in Arabian nations have realized the latent potentials of social media. In this regard, social media has already started to pose as a threat for Middle East politics (Cobley and Schulz 2013, p. 404). Social media has fuelled some of the recent revolutionary activities in Arabian nations. This generates the necessity for tracing the growth, popularity and advantages and misuse of social media in Arabian nations

Competition and competitiveness derive from different theoretical Essay

Competition and competitiveness derive from different theoretical frameworks and UK policy has failed to distinguish adequately between the two. Explain and discuss - Essay Example The competitiveness policy encourages on benchmarking whereby an entrepreneur visits another competitive entrepreneur and finds out on what he/she does in order to attain his/her success (Bristow 2010). In competition, every business is always straining to win the other by getting most of the customers on its side and not by merging and obtaining monopoly to exploit on the market. This is because if an entrepreneur exhibits monopoly power, he or she may exploit the market when there is no government interference. Marxian views competition as the act of competing for land, capital and workers alongside competing with other business and firms for profit making (Tan 2014). This means that a business unit must compete for the workers and it should provide reasonable pay for workers. Through this, they can be able to attract workers from other business units and this makes them have adequate labor. They should give their workers allowances and other benefits to encourage and motivate them. The business unit should not overwork the workers but instead they should give them a reasonable pay. Secondly, the business unit should also effectively compete for land as a factor of production. This simply means that the business unit should have enough money to buy adequate land since often businesses have to expand their premises. For a business to be successful then it should have adequate land to carry out its business activities and land is a competitive factor; hence they should strain to get the best available land according to the land use. Marketing business units should also strain to get land near their market while mineral based business units should strain to get land within their mineral extraction place and the market. Capital is the money needed to start and run a business. The business units should find the best financial institution where they can get access to loans and other financial support to run their businesses. Finally,